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2020 (Introduction) Jennifer C. Nash and Samantha Pinto 125 Abolish Marisol LeBrón 128 Asynchronous Monica L. Miller 134 COVID Silver Linings Ann Cvetkovich 139 Essential Worker Julie Livingston 144 Food-in-Place (Shelter-in-Place) Psyche Williams-Forson 148 Mask Ruha Benjamin 151 Mutual Aid Christina Hanhardt 152 PPE Harris Solomon, Neelima Navuluri, Charles W. Hargett, Peter S. Kussin 158 Risk Factor Noémi Tousignant 163 Social Distancing Joshua Chambers-Letson 169 Stay at Home Tiana Reid 175 Supply Chain Management Miriam Posner 178 Synchronous Racquel Gates 181 Wave/Forest Fire Sari Altschuler 187 Zoom Gayle Wald 192 Zoonosis (Virus) Banu Subramaniam 196 2020 Jennifer C. Nash and Samantha Pinto Academic projects are often born from desire. Essential workers—disproportionately Black and Brown—were ordered to continue working, while others began "panic baking" and "panic shopping" (the disappearance of flour, yeast, and toilet paper from grocery stores marked the first quarter of the year).1 While some buried their dead in anguish and isolation,2 others purchased real estate, thanks to record-low interest rates and new demands for more space as houses were transformed into offices and schools.3 In some ways, this is a quintessentially American story—the variety of ways that crisis is experienced and inhabited, with the starkest and most deathly outcomes reserved for those most precarious as the capitalist machine keeps rolling along. Bleeding into 2021, crisis and critique have merged into a lexicon that is repeated, rehearsed, rehashed, remade.5 These terms have become part of a collective vocabulary, a shared index for describing the relentless conditions of the present, even as that present is experienced and endured differently. Media has obsessively reported that this is a crisis that mostly women are bearing, but universities have done far too little to recognize these facts on the ground for caretakers, including the return to in-campus teaching when vaccines are not available for children under twelve.6 We name this as two senior scholars, keenly aware of how "home-schooling" disproportionately affects junior women scholars and primary caretaker colleagues navigating the dual demands of tenure and caregiving. [...]the same is true of race, as institutions have begun diversity trainings, hired diversity coordinators, promised diversity cluster hires, and launched university-wide reckonings with race and "DEI."
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Sigmund Freud in his "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego" (1921) outlined his take on this after World War I. British psychotherapists, including some of his English followers such as Wilfried Trotter, appropriated a psychology of difference popularized by Gustave Le Bon to define the valorous "Tommy" crusading against the inherently evil "Boche." In his 1921 essay, Freud began with the claim concerning collective behavior that had long been established in the psychological literature of the late 19th century—that "a group is extraordinarily credulous and open to influence, it has no critical faculty, and the improbable does not exist for it." In the first of many striking moments in this book, Makari locates the modern origin of xenophobia—and it is not where we expected to find it: the social fascination with the "phobias" had its origin in 19th-century medicine, which quickly devolved into social metaphor, as such diagnostic categories of behavior tend to do rather quickly. Makari begins his book locating his own discomfort with being seen as "different" and trying to understand his own family, Greek Orthodox inhabitants of Ottoman Lebanon, whose trek to the United States created (as many of us know from our own family experience) "better" Americans, initially struggling as peddlers and then establishing themselves in Texas as "real" Americans.
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What movement is a "turn”? After all, as some of the theoretical work discussed in The Turn I and The Turn II shows, turning itself is multiple. Is a turn eventfully singular or recurring? Does it mark a rupture or a return, a turn away or a turn toward? The turn comes in a multiplicity of different figures—revolutionary upheaval, Möbian tautology, fold and unfolding. What does this mean for thinking the different modalities of the turn, not only the shape it takes or the movement it traces, but also its scale, (in)frequency, and number? Is the "turn” we envision one or many? Micro or macro? And what do we make of the paradox that much of our theoretical desires dream of the molar, eventful, cutting-edge, revolutionary, innovative energy of the "turn” when we invoke theoretical innovation while much of our thought is otherwise celebratory of minor figures, of microfolds, multiply pleated surfaces, hosts of warps and whorls, or dynamic constellations of gyrations and turnings?
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In the last two years, the United States has been greatly impacted by the global health pandemic of COVID-19 and a renewed national recognition of racial injustice catalyzed by the murder of George Floyd. These crises have created extensive pressures for school leaders to revamp their policies and procedures to ensure physiological safety and address systemic racism in schools, respectively. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how school principals dealt with and reacted to COVID-19 and the murder of George Floyd and the pressures of this crisis context. Guided by multiple contextual lenses and theoretical frameworks, this study used an abductive analysis approach to uncover surprising and anomalous data to build renewed understandings in educational leadership. In doing so, I discovered elements of healthcare and sensemaking around life and death that led to the integration of a healthcare humanization framework. Together, this study found that principals adopted new or shifted roles and identities that focused on humanizing practices. Principals became first responders;mediators of health, political, and humanizing communications;needs-based leaders;civil rights leaders;and leaders who sought agency by supporting others in uncontrollable situations. These changes were embedded in systems that remained acontexual and dehumanistic that created tensions for leaders to navigate. These findings supported the early developments of a humanizing leadership peri-crisis framework to elucidate leaders' responses in crisis contexts particularly when loss is imminent. This research is significant because the literature on theoretical frameworks for crisis school leadership is small and even fewer studies have operationalized humanizing school leadership practices. Recommendations based on the findings are also proposed for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, his utterance, "I can't breathe,” reverberated internationally as the world population grappled with the twin specters of life-threatening COVID-19 respiratory morbidities and mounting years under increasingly polarized racist regimes. Despite crisis fatigue, national and international outpourings of solidarity trended on social and mainstream media. However, in this moment, the legacy of structural and slow violences against the living, breathing Minneapolis–St. Paul communities of color were obscured. This article addresses transdisciplinary breathing politics in this mid-sized American city to integrate atmospheric indicators (concentrations of criteria pollutants including particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), traffic indicators (Minnesota Department of Transportation permanent traffic monitoring station data), and social indicators (community responses in newspaper and Twitter archives), ultimately making visible how Floyd's utterance reflects much deeper patterns of stratified urban public health risks and socio-environmental airscape politics. Bullet Points of Findings Breathing politics are racialized in Minneapolis, demonstrating stark differences in traffic and air quality across neighborhoods. Through content analysis, it is shown that social media platforms like Twitter can be rich historical records for tracking local public discourse, providing valuable insight to the ways people talk about and conceive topics like environmental justice, breathing politics, and urban equity. While hashtag activism on social media flourished in 2020 to address anti-Black racism, it was neither a "tipping point” nor did it show a discernible impact on the nature of environmental justice discourse about breathing politics, despite the steep rise of #ICantBreathe. Integrating social, economic, and environmental indicators has the overarching benefit of addressing complex, lived systems. Breathing politics are racialized in Minneapolis, demonstrating stark differences in traffic and air quality across neighborhoods.Through content analysis, it is shown that social media platforms like Twitter can be rich historical records for tracking local public discourse, providing valuable insight to the ways people talk about and conceive topics like environmental justice, breathing politics, and urban equity.While hashtag activism on social media flourished in 2020 to address anti-Black racism, it was neither a "tipping point” nor did it show a discernible impact on the nature of environmental justice discourse about breathing politics, despite the steep rise of #ICantBreathe.Integrating social, economic, and environmental indicators has the overarching benefit of addressing complex, lived systems. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Society & Natural Resources is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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BACKGROUND: Shortand long-term lung damage after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been emphasized in many studies, but pulmonary-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been examined only in a limited capacity. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to assess pulmonary-specific HRQOL and dyspnea among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 by applying the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to patient groups 1, 3 and 6 months following discharge (groups T1, T3 and T6). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and December 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Turkey. A total of 345 patients with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in our research. RESULTS: Total SGRQ score was significantly lower in the T6 group than in the T1 group (p < 0.001). The SGRQ-Symptom score was similar in the T3 and T6 groups, while the T1 group had significantly higher values (p < 0.001). The SGRQ-Activity score was significantly lower in the T6 group than in the T1 and T3 groups (p = 0.001), while the SGRQ-Impact score was significantly higher in the T6 group compared to the other 2 groups (p < 0.001). When the patients were analyzed statistically in terms of dyspnea, the difference between the baseline and 6-month results was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term consequences are still not fully known, the SGRQ scores and dyspnea outcomes of our patients show that pulmonary-specific HRQOL and dyspnea remain at a similar level from discharge until the 6th month after discharge. Studies with extended and longitudinal follow-up are required.
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High-profile incidents of police misconduct can have serious consequences for public trust in the police. A recent study in the British Journal of Political Science found that Eric Garner's death in NYC lead to more negative attitudes towards the police in London among Black residents compared to White and Asian residents. The current study aimed to replicate this transnational effect by assessing the impact of George Floyd's death on Londoners' perceptions of police. Using the same data and methodological approach, we did not replicate the immediate effect on Black Londoners' attitudes. We did find that attitudes across ethnic groups became more negative when using a wider temporal bandwidth. However, we discovered violations to the excludability assumption, meaning we cannot be certain that the effect is solely due to the murder of George Floyd, or at least partly due to different dynamics, like the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying policies. This means that while it is possible that police killings in other contexts play a role in shaping attitudes towards local police, these effects are difficult to disentangle from other global and local factors. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the contentious U.S. 2020 presidential election featured candidates with quite different stances on regulating the oil and gas industry, leaving many to question the longevity of fossil fuel use. However, little research explores the relationship between presidential policies and the oil market. In this paper, extensive research into presidential energy policies and their effects on domestic oil prices and production dating back to 1977 helps us identify whether we can predict the industry's future under Joe Biden's administration. The paper's results suggest the domestic oil industry is more dependent on external foreign events - with presidential policies offering almost negligible effects on prices and production.
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Post COVID-19 patients have been suffering from persistent symptoms even after long periods. The physiopathology of these clinical manifestations still has a lack of knowledge. The objective was to evaluate the total expression of metabolites and spittle biological pathways in patients with 60 days post COVID-19. We included 30 post-hospital discharge patients and we compared seven non COVID-19 patients control. All COVID-19 patients were assessed by demographic characteristics, pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quality of life and body composition. The metabolomic analysis was performed in the patient's splits. From the total of post COVID-19 patients, 66% were male, 60+/-14 years. The lean body mass was 30+/-7kg and fat mass 34+/-13kg. Spirometry mean severity showed FVC of 4+/-1L, FEV1 3+/-1L. Pimax and Pemax values were 90+/-31(cmH2O) and 97+/-31(cmH2O), respectively. The quality of life evaluated by the SGRQ questionnaire showed a mean percentage of magnitude of symptoms 32+/-15, activities 41+/-25, impact 13+/-11 and total of 24+/-15. Physical capacity was measured by the distance in the 6MWT, and presented an average of 413+/-131. The metabolomic analysis showed 19 metabolites statistically significant difference between groups. We observed 3 metabolites overexpressed and 16 with lower expression in post COVID19 patients. From those metabolites, we can have attention to Sphinganine(p=0.03), Piperenol A triacetate(p=0.02) and 1-Monopalmitin(p=0.03) were lower expressed in control group. The creatin was one of the non-expressed metabolites in post hospital discharge COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. Thus, metabolomic analysis can demonstrate different metabolites in post COVID-19 patients to answer persistent symptoms.
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Introduction: To our knowledge, there are no published studies on the implementation and results of Pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) in Argentina. Our objective was to describe PTR strategies used during the COVID-19 pandemic, the results of the different PTR modalities and the patient satisfaction. Method(s): A prospective study was carried out between April and August 2020. Patients who switched to different PTR modalities participated: synchronous (SPTR) or asynchronous (APTR). The level of satisfaction, quality of life with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks were evaluated. Result(s): 20 centers participated. 299 patients were included (55.9% female), with a median (P25-75) age of 68 (62- 72) years, 184/249 (73.9%) diagnosed with COPD, 37 (14.9%) interstitial lung diseases, 12 (4.8%) asthma and 16 (6.4%) other CRD. 110 (36.8%) patients underwent SPTR and 189 (63.2%) with APTR. No differences were observed in the SGRQ and HADS except in the activities subscale of the SGRQ that increased significantly (p<0.05) in both groups, the impact subscale and the total that increased significantly in the SPTR group at 12 weeks (p<0.01). Both groups reported being satisfied with the PTR, 5.9 (5.4-6.3) in SPTR and 5 (4.6-5.4) in APTR, being significantly higher in SPTR (p=0.004) Conclusion(s): We observed significant satisfaction with PRT during the pandemic. No improvements were seen in quality of life, anxiety, or depression.
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Background: In people recovering from COVID-19, there is concern regarding potential long-term pulmonary sequelae and associated impairment of functional capacity. This study was designed to assess this. Method(s): 207 subjects with mean age of 48.7 years were assessed after 63 days(mean), from symptom onset. Clinical symptoms, St George's Respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ), pulmonary function testing, 6-minute walk test(6MWT) and chest radiography were evaluated. Details pertaining to the COVID-19 illness and hospitalisation, WHO disease severity categories(asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical) and baseline laboratory biomarkers were retrieved from the hospital records. 'Mild COVID'(WHO mild category) was compared with 'COVID pneumonia'(WHO moderate, severe & critical) and further, moderate was compared with the severe/critical. Result(s): In all,35% had restrictive defect(TLC< 80%), 8.3% had obstructive defect(FEV1/FVC<70%) and 44.4% had impaired diffusing capacity(DLCO<80%). The 'COVID pneumonia'group, compared to 'mild COVID' had lower FVC(2.4vs2.9;P=0.0002), FVC%(77.85vs88.18;P=0.001), FEV1(2.0vs2.36;P=0.0014), TLC% (79.48vs87.91;P=0.0002), DLCO(6.80vs8.30;P=0.0004), DLCO%(75.30vs89.20;P<0.0001), DLCO/VA(2.0vs2.2;P=0.004) and DLCO/VA%(105.6vs111.8;P=0.032), lower minimum oxygen saturation(94.89vs97.73;P<0.0001) and drop in saturation >=4% in more subjects(21.69%vs4.84%;P=0.001) during 6MWT, higher mean total SGRQ score(29.2vs11.0;P<0.0001) and domain scores: Symptom(37.2vs12.9;P<0.0001), Activity(49.1vs13.2;P<0.0001) and Impact(12.7vs2.0;P<0.0001). Conclusion(s): In an Indian cohort, post-COVID-19 lung damage results in significant impairment of lung function, effort tolerance and quality of life.
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Background: COVID-19 caused the temporary suspnsion of outpatient-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) became a way of providing exercise training and education for people with respiratory conditions. Aim(s): To determine if PTR was safe and effective for people with respiratory conditions. Method(s): Retrospective observational study. Participants who were referred to PR, had a range of respiratory conditions, had access to Wi-Fi and a home device for videoconferencing. Outcomes were: five time sit-to-stand test (5STS), one minute sit-to-stand test (1MinSTS);St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ);COPD assessment test (CAT);Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS);Modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (mMRC), adverse events. PTR used a zoom platform, ran for 40 minutes, twice per week for eight weeks, with a maximum of 10 participants in each class. An experienced physiotherapist led the exercise and education sessions with support from physiotherapy students. Result(s): Seventy-five participants (66 females) commenced PTR [mean (SD): Age 67 (11) years, FEV1 63 (20) % pred] and 52 (70%) completed. Statistically significant improvement (mean change (SD) [95% CI]) for 5STS: -4 (7) [-6 to -1] seconds;1MinSTS: 5 (8) [2 to 9] repetitions;SGRQ total: -7 (12) [-11 to -3] points;mMRC: -0.3 (0.7) [-0.6 to -0.7] score;CAT: -2.4 (6) [-4 to -0.5] score with no adverse events were reported. Conclusion(s): Outpatient-based PR remains the gold standard, however PTR could be provided during COVID lockdowns or incorporated into PR programs as a flexible option for people who find it difficult to attend outpatientbased programs.
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There have been several periods in American history that are referred to as turbulent times. They were characterized by a wide range of changes that happened to respond to issues that brought anxiety, threat, discontent, or trouble. Donald Trump's presidency and the Covid-19 pandemic significantly influenced American immigration policy and the lives of immigrants. The present article pays special attention to the Mexican-American border. This area plays a crucial role in migration studies focusing on the Americas for at least two reasons: international relations between Mexico (and the Latin American region) and the United States, and homeland security issues related to irregular and regular migrant flows. This study aims to determine what changes have been implemented in border policy, investigate why they occurred, and finally, discuss their results. The article analyzes the most challenging issues characteristic of the situation of unaccompanied minor migrants, the concept of Trump's wall or the 'remain in Mexico' program. The US-Mexican border studies have played a crucial role in research dedicated to American immigration policy since its inception. Today, it is also an area of concern and special attention is paid to this region due to the dynamics of processes taking place at the border. The work presented here discusses and highlights the most turbulent issues that echoed not only in the United States but also worldwide.
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Introduction: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a known risk to impact in respiratory and functional capacity postCOVID-19 infection. Objective(s): Assess pulmonary function, muscular strength and quality of life in post-COVID-19 patients submitted or not to MV. Method(s): During March of 2020 and July 2021 we had 983 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 527 patients were discharged and invited to be followed at the multidisciplinary assistance. From the total, 116 patients [57% male, 59(52-67) years] were evaluated 60 days after first symptoms appearance through pulmonary function testing, manovacuometry, handgrip test and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). There were no vaccinated subjects. Result(s): 34% of the patients needed intensive care (n=39), of which, 51% needed MV (n=20). MV group showed statistically significant weaker handgrip strength [27(18-35) kgf vs 35(26-45) kgf;p=0,025] and maximum inspiratory pressure predicted percentile reduction (86+/-23,5% vs 101+/-27,6%;p=0,043) when compared to non-MV group. We did not observe SGRQ differences between the groups. However, females showed statistically significant higher impact in quality of life in all SGRQ domains compared to males. There were no differences in pulmonary function. Conclusion(s): MV submitted patients presented worsened respiratory and peripheral muscular strengths without difference in pulmonary function and quality of life. Women showed higher impact in quality of life regardless of MV use.
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Introduction: Although a SARS-CoV-2 infection resolves completely in most cases, in some patients it can progress to pneumonia with associated severe respiratory distress. Some of them will suffer persistent symptoms, impairment of the quality of life, deterioration of the pulmonary function and/or a worse exercise capacity. Objective(s): To observe the evolution of the quality of life and the dyspnoea grade in patients with severe SARS-CoV2 pneumonia during a 12-month follow-up. Method(s): Observational prospective cohort study started between March and June 2020 at Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona and Santa Caterina Hospital of Salt. Patients with severe pneumonia who required hospitalization at the Pulmonology Department were included. A twelve-month follow-up with controls at the third- and sixth- month was performed. Clinical characteristics, radiological data (high resolution CT), quality of life (Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire-SGRQ and mMRC dyspnoea scale), pulmonary function and exercise capacity (6-meter walking test) were assessed. Result(s): 94 patients were analysed. In a year span, there was an improvement in the SGRQ of 3.9 points in the total score (p = 0.019). At the third month, there were 21.50% of patients with severe dyspnoea (mMRC 2-3), decreasing progressively to only 9.50% at the twelfth month. The walking test showed an improvement in distance walked without showing desaturation while making effort. Lung function analysis only showed a DLCO alteration, which was corrected at 6 months. Conclusion(s): After one-year post severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, there is a significant improvement in quality of life as well as in dyspnoea grade and exercise capacity.
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The former British colony of Belize faces serious economic problems today, reflecting a collapse in tourism following COVID-19. To account for this fragility, a return to economic history is needed. We focus on two critical periods. First, we examine why the Belizean state was unable to form a developmental state in the period of the anticolonial movement and self-government (the 1950s–1960s). Particular attention is given to George Price, leader of the anti-colonial People's United Party (PUP) and ‘father of the country'. Second, turning to the post-colonial period, we examine one experimental chapter that lasted roughly a decade (1998–2007) when a coherent state-led economic strategy was pursued. During both periods the PUP-led state sought to reorganize development strategy along progressive lines, but failed to deliver. Because capital was almost completely foreign dominated, the fledgling Belizean developmental state could not discipline capital toward developmental alignment. © 2022 The Author(s). Co-published by Unisa Press and Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Two years ago, during the inception of a new age of racial reckoning in America spurred by health care disparities starkly illustrated by the COVID pandemic and the murder of George Floyd, we presented a series of articles discussing inequities in mental health care in Black and Latinx populations. [...]Isaac et al.. describe the experiences of Black faculty members in academic psychiatry that are causing many to leave promising careers. [...]we ask readers to take heed of a new and fiercely urgent call to action for psychiatry as a profession to address mental health care inequity, advocate for change, and adopt antiracist ideals to better support our patients and peers. 1.
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Globally daily news podcasts have exponentially grown in popularity. To build on the increased interest in this podcast format, this study examines three distinct programmes in this genre. The focus of our research specifically highlights the significant news events during the summer of 2020: the killing of George Floyd, and subsequent Black Lives Matter protests, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a set of genre conventions adapted and expanded from previous podcast and radio news scholarship, this research analyses the impact podcasting has on daily audio news production. Our findings indicate the podcast host's empathy and intimacy, coalesced into powerful, immersive deep dive discussions. Those kinds of conversations have strongly influenced and transformed daily news production, while still maintaining journalistic ethics and aesthetics.
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Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a deadly virus affecting multiple organ systems, predominantly the respiratory system. Dyspnea along with the deterioration of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is common in COVID-19 patients discharged from a dedicated Coronavirus disease (COVID) hospital. Very few studies in India used HRQoL for the assessment of COVID-19 patients after discharge. Our article aims to assess the factors associated with the persistence of dyspnea and HRQoL in discharged patients of COVID-19. Methods A total of 48 patients were included in this prospective observational study. Ethical approval from Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained before the enrolment of patients. Patients having dyspnea at exertion and during discharge were selected for this study. Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and modified Borg scale were used for assessing dyspnea on activity, and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to assess HRQoL. Data were collected on the day of discharge (D0) and after 60 days (D60) post-discharge. The significance of changes in parameters from D0 to D60 was evaluated by paired t-test. Results The mean mMRC, modified Borg, and SGRQ scores at D0 were 2.38±0.98, 3.15±2.12, and 45.36±27.32, respectively, which were improved to 0.94±0.86, 0.94±1.27, and 19.22±18.96 at D60. Age showed significant positive correlations with initial modified Borg (r=0.292, p=0.044) and SGRQ (r=0.332, p=0.021) scores. Body mass index showed significant positive correlations with initial mMRC (r=0.352, p=0.014) and SGRQ (r=0.419, p=0.003) scores. Conclusion Our study showed that on discharge, many COVID patients have impaired HRQoL. Many of them also have dyspnea on exertion. With the early institution of standard pulmonary rehabilitation protocol, symptoms and HRQoL improves rapidly in a month. Different influencing factors were identified. Long-term follow-up with a bigger sample size is needed to formulate a management strategy for these patients.